CRANIAL PROCEDURES
Dr Zwelithini Mpungana has a keen interest in cranial neurosurgery. He has extensive clinical experience performing these procedures, so patients are in capable hands.
Cranial procedures are used to treat brain tumors, blood clots, aneurysms, traumatic head injuries, trauma from foreign objects such as bullets, swelling of the brain, or infection.
Cranial procedures include:
• Biopsy – This procedure a small incision or hole in the skull. It is used to remove a small amount of brain tissue or a tumour for diagnosis and testing.
• Craniotomy – The patient is anaesthetised, and their head is held perfectly still by a special clamp. Imaging can be used before and/or during the procedure. A piece of the skull called a bone flap is removed to access the brain underneath. Magnification glasses or an operating microscope are used to see the delicate nerves and blood vessels. The problem is removed or corrected using various methods. The bone flap is reattached to the skull with titanium plates and screws that remain permanently. A drain may be placed under the skin for a few days to siphon blood or fluid away from the area.
• Endoscopic cranial surgery – involves passing instruments and a tiny camera through small holes in the skull. The Doctor can use these to repair or remove structures in or around the brain.
• Cranioplasty – is a neurosurgical procedure designed to repair or reshape irregularities or imperfections in the skull.
Surgery on the brain or spinal cord is serious, and Dr Mpungana is careful to limit any risks either during or after surgery. One of the main concerns with brain surgery is the possible loss of brain function afterwards, which is why only as much tissue is removed as is safely possible. Complications during or after surgery such as reactions to anaesthesia, bleeding or infections are rare. Problems can arise directly after surgery, days or even weeks later, so close monitoring for any changes is vital.